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The History of 20th Century Philosophy (Science and its Applications in Philosophy)
KALUSOVÁ, Kristýna
This diploma thesis is a free continuation of my year work in philosophy from 2003 on the topic of "Relativity", which is available for inspection at the Department of Social Sciences at the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. I also draw from my work from the same year, which was prepared at the same faculty, at the Department of Art Education, under the guidance of Mgr. Zdeněk Hosman, and from the work from 2004 also prepared at this department, which is entitled "Interpretation of the image Hypnotist". Now to present the diploma thesis itself. Albert Einstein has written a number of commendable and less flattering literature on the esteemed physicist. It goes without saying that he was a unique man with an overly clever head, and his views became the pearl of our planet. When reading his works, one has such interesting thoughts that are hard to resist. I couldn't resist this summer of 2002, when one day I read his laws of relativity. Relativity became a liberation for me from my mental states and made me think about the problem of birth, life and death. The idea that came to my mind in this study means for me the opportunity to admit that our lives are not meaningless. In my work, I would first like to begin with Einstein's life itself and work, so that the reader can get to the issues I am opening here more easily and quickly. I will try to ensure that the part of my work that deals with the mere interpretation of what has already been explained does not become boring. I will present the author's life here not only from the well-known media side, but I will also choose interesting things that will surely surprise readers many times. Of course, I will present the special and general theory of relativity (both of these beautiful ladies) not only from a complex physical point of view, but I will try to move the focus to a philosophical interpretation that is much closer to me and which also becomes the culmination of my thoughts. I am still writing this introduction in a situation where my thoughts on paper are not completely complete and I am still groping for verbal expressions. What is my intention? Which way do I want to go?
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Modelling Bonus - Malus Systems
Stroukalová, Marika ; Mazurová, Lucie (advisor) ; Prokešová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Modelling Bonus - Malus Systems Author: Marika Stroukalová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Lucie Mazurová, Ph.D., KPMS MFF UK Abstract: In this thesis we deal with bonus-malus tariff systems commonly used to adjust the a priori set premiums according to the individual claims during mo- tor third party liability insurance. The main aim of this thesis is to describe the standard model based on the Markov chain. For each bonus-malus class we also determine the relative premium ("relativity"). Another objective of this thesis is to find optimal values for the relativities taking into account the a priori set premiums. We apply the theoretical model based on the stationary distribu- tion of bonus-malus classes on real-world data and a particular real bonus-malus system used in the Czech Republic. The empirical part of this thesis compares the optimal and the real relativities and assesses the suitability of the chosen theoretical model for the particular bonus-malus system. Keywords: bonus-malus system, a priori segmentation, stationary distribution, relativity, quadratic loss function 1
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Chaos in deformed black-hole fields
Witzany, Vojtěch ; Semerák, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kopáček, Ondřej (referee)
The consequences of two key approximations of accretion-disc physics near black holes are studied in this thesis. First, the question of effective ``pseudo-Newtonian" potentials mimicking a black hole is investigated both through numerical simulations and analytical means, and second, the neglect of additional gravitating matter near accreted-upon black holes and its consequences are put to test. After some broader discussion of integrability, resonance and chaos, a general "pseudo-Newtonian" limit for geodesic motion is derived, and applied for the case of null geodesics near a glowing toroid and for time-like geodesics in the Kerr metric. Afterwards, a new Newtonian gravitational potential for non- singular toroids is proposed and its usefulness for the so-called Weyl space-times is discussed. Finally, a new pseudo-Newtonian potential is introduced and applied alongside already known potentials in models of free test particle motion in the field of a black hole with a disc or ring, in complete analogy with previous exact-relativistic studies, and the previous conclusion of chaos in disc/ring-hole models is confirmed. Overall, the pseudo-Newtonian framework is able to reproduce a number of key features of the original systems with notable differences arising only as a consequence of extremely strong or...
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Modelling Bonus - Malus Systems
Stroukalová, Marika ; Mazurová, Lucie (advisor) ; Prokešová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Modelling Bonus - Malus Systems Author: Marika Stroukalová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Lucie Mazurová, Ph.D., KPMS MFF UK Abstract: In this thesis we deal with bonus-malus tariff systems commonly used to adjust the a priori set premiums according to the individual claims during mo- tor third party liability insurance. The main aim of this thesis is to describe the standard model based on the Markov chain. For each bonus-malus class we also determine the relative premium ("relativity"). Another objective of this thesis is to find optimal values for the relativities taking into account the a priori set premiums. We apply the theoretical model based on the stationary distribu- tion of bonus-malus classes on real-world data and a particular real bonus-malus system used in the Czech Republic. The empirical part of this thesis compares the optimal and the real relativities and assesses the suitability of the chosen theoretical model for the particular bonus-malus system. Keywords: bonus-malus system, a priori segmentation, stationary distribution, relativity, quadratic loss function 1
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On transfer of mass and angular momentum from accretion disk onto black hole
Hamerský, Jaroslav ; Karas, Vladimír
We study the properties of accretion tori orbiting Kerr black hole. Our approach to this problem comes from the solving of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic equations, which follow from conservation of the energy-momentum tensor, the particle number and from Maxwell's equations. We solve these equations by numerical methods. We are interested in tori with constant density of angular momentum and those with radially increasing angular momentum density. We study accretion rates in these tori when the mass of black hole is increased suddenly and so the equilibrium in the torus is perturbed. We also study the influence of the presence of toroidal magnetic field on accretion rates.
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